RARE Advertising Trade Card L McCord Eastern Carriage Wagon Rochester NY 1880

Description: RARE Advertising Trade Card L. Mccord Fine line of Eastern Carriages and Latest style of Cutters ( Sleighs ) Rochester, New York ca 1880 For offer: a nice piece of ephemera! Fresh from a prominent estate in Upstate NY. Never offered on the market until now. Vintage, Old, Original, Antique, NOT Reproductions - Guaranteed !! I have never seen a card from this company. Quite scarce. Measures 4 1/4 x 2 1/2 inches. In very good condition. If you collect 19th century American history, Americana advertisement ad, Victorian era, chromolithograph. transportation, - Monroe County, etc. this is a treasure you will not see again! Add this to your image or paper / ephemera collection. Combine shipping on multiple bid wins! 1239 A trade card is a square card that is small, but bigger than the modern visiting card, and is exchanged in social circles, that a business distributes to clients and potential customers. Trade cards first became popular at the end of the 17th century in Paris, Lyon and London. They functioned as advertising and also as maps, directing the public to the merchants' stores (no formal street address numbering system existed at the time). The trade card is an early example of the modern business card. Some businesses began to create increasingly sophisticated designs, especially with the development of color printing. A few companies specialized in producing stock cards, usually with an image on one side and space on the other side for the business to add its own information. As the designs became more attractive and colorful, collecting trade cards became a popular hobby in the late 19th century, since color images were not yet widely available. In its original sense, the "trade" in trade card refers to its use by the proprietor of a business to announce his trade, or line of business. By moving into the realm of collecting, trade cards gave rise to the trading card, the meaning now shifting to the exchange or trade of cards by enthusiasts. Some cards, particularly those produced by tobacco companies featuring baseball players, later developed into collectibles and lost their function as a business advertisement. A carriage is a wheeled vehicle for people, usually horse-drawn; litters (palanquins) and sedan chairs are excluded, since they are wheelless vehicles. The carriage is especially designed for private passenger use, though some are also used to transport goods. A public passenger vehicle would not usually be called a carriage – terms for such include stagecoach, charabanc and omnibus. It may be light, smart and fast or heavy, large and comfortable or luxurious. Carriages normally have suspension using leaf springs, elliptical springs (in the 19th century) or leather strapping. Working vehicles such as the (four-wheeled) wagon and (two-wheeled) cart share important parts of the history of the carriage, as does too the fast (two-wheeled) chariot.[1][2] Overview[edit] Coach of an imperial family, c 1870The word carriage (abbreviated carr or cge) is from Old Northern French cariage, to carry in a vehicle.[3] The word car, then meaning a kind of two-wheeled cart for goods, also came from Old Northern French about the beginning of the 14th century;[3] it was also used for railway carriages, and was extended to cover automobile around the end of the nineteenth century, when early models were called horseless carriages. A carriage is sometimes called a team, as in "horse and team". A carriage with its horse is a rig. An elegant horse-drawn carriage with its retinue of servants is an equipage. A carriage together with the horses, harness and attendants is a turnout or setout. A procession of carriages is a cavalcade. History[edit]Prehistory[edit]Some horsecarts found in Celtic graves show hints that their platforms were suspended elastically.[4] Four-wheeled wagons were used in prehistoric Europe, and their form known from excavations suggests that the basic construction techniques of wheel and undercarriage (that survived until the age of the motor car) were established then.[5] Chariot[edit]The earliest recorded sort of carriage was the chariot, reaching Mesopotamia as early as 1900 BC.[6] Used typically for warfare by Egyptians, the near Easterners and Europeans, it was essentially a two-wheeled light basin carrying one or two passengers, drawn by one to two horses. The chariot was revolutionary and effective because it delivered fresh warriors to crucial areas of battle with swiftness. Roman carriage[edit]First century BC Romans used sprung wagons for overland journeys.[7] It is likely that Roman carriages employed some form of suspension on chains or leather straps, as indicated by carriage parts found in excavations. Ancient Chinese carriage[edit]In the kingdom of the Zhou Dynasty the Warring States were also known to have used carriages as transportation. With the decline of these civilizations these techniques almost disappeared. Medieval carriage[edit] Horse-drawn wagon, c. 1455 A two-tiered carriage drawn by four elephantsThe medieval carriage was typically a four-wheeled wagon type, with a rounded top ('tilt') similar in appearance to the Conestoga Wagon familiar from the USA. Sharing the traditional form of wheels and undercarriage known since the Bronze Age, it very likely also employed the pivoting fore-axle in continuity from the ancient world. Suspension (on chains) is recorded in visual images and written accounts from the 14th century ('chars branlant' or rocking carriages), and was in widespread use by the 15th century.[8] Carriages were largely used by royalty, aristocrats (and especially by women), and could be elaborately decorated and gilded. These carriages were on four wheels often and were pulled by two to four horses depending on how they were decorated (elaborate decoration with gold lining made the carriage heavier). Wood and iron were the primary requirements needed to build a carriage and carriages that were used by non-royalty were covered by plain leather. Another form of carriage was the pageant wagon of the 14th century. Historians debate on the structure and size of pageant wagons; however, they are generally miniature house-like structures that rest on four to six wheels depending on the size of the wagon. The pageant wagon is significant because up until the 14th century most carriages were on two or 3 wheels; the chariot, rocking carriage, and baby carriage are two examples of carriages which pre-date the pageant wagon. Historians also debate whether or not pageant wagons were built with pivotal axle systems, which allowed the wheels to turn. Whether it was a four- or six-wheel pageant wagon, most historians maintain that pivotal axle systems were implemented on pageant wagons because many roads were often winding with some sharp turns. Six wheel pageant wagons also represent another innovation in carriages; they were one of the first carriages to use multiple pivotal axles. Pivotal axles were used on the front set of wheels and the middle set of wheels. This allowed the horse to move freely and steer the carriage in accordance with the road or path. Coach[edit]Main article: Coach (carriage) A Gala Coupé, 18th century; Royal Museums of Art and History, BrusselsOne of the great innovations of the carriage was the invention of the suspended carriage or the chariot branlant (though whether this was a Roman or medieval innovation remains uncertain). The 'chariot branlant' of medieval illustrations was suspended by chains rather than leather straps as had been believed.[9][10] Chains provided a smoother ride in the chariot branlant because the compartment no longer rested on the turning axles. In the 15th century, carriages were made lighter and needed only one horse to haul the carriage. This carriage was designed and innovated in Hungary.[11] Both innovations appeared around the same time and historians believe that people began comparing the chariot branlant and the Hungarian light coach. However, the earliest illustrations of the Hungarian 'Kochi-wagon' do not indicate any suspension, and often the use of three horses in harness. Under King Mathias Corvinus (1458–90), who enjoyed fast travel, the Hungarians developed fast road transport, and the town of Kocs between Budapest and Vienna became an important post-town, and gave its name to the new vehicle type.[12] The Hungarian coach was highly praised because it was capable of holding 8 men, used light wheels, could be towed by only one horse (it may have been suspended by leather straps, but this is a topic of debate).[13] Ultimately it was the Hungarian coach that generated a greater buzz of conversation than the chariot branlant of France because it was a much smoother ride.[13] Henceforth, the Hungarian coach spread across Europe rather quickly, in part due to Ippolito d'Este of Ferrara (1479–1529), nephew of Mathias' queen Beatrix of Aragon, who as a very junior Archbishopric of Esztergom developed a liking of Hungarian riding and took his carriage and driver back to Italy.[14] Around 1550 the 'coach' made its appearance throughout the major cities of Europe, and the new word entered the vocabulary of all their languages.[15] However, the new 'coach' seems to have been a concept (fast road travel for men) as much as any particular type of vehicle, and there is no obvious change that accompanied the innovation. As it moved throughout Europe in the late 16th century, the coach’s body structure was ultimately changed, from a round-top to the 'four-poster' carriages that became standard by c.1600.[8] Later development of the coach[edit] The London-Farringdon coach, 1835The coach had doors in the side, with an iron step protected by leather that became the "boot" in which servants might ride. The driver sat on a seat at the front, and the most important occupant sat in the back facing forwards. The earliest coaches can be seen at Veste Coburg, Lisbon, and the Moscow Kremlin, and they become a commonplace in European art. It was not until the 17th century that further innovations with steel springs and glazing took place, and only in the 18th century, with better road surfaces, was there a major innovation with the introduction of the steel C-spring.[16] It was not until the 18th century that steering systems were truly improved. Erasmus Darwin was a young English doctor who was driving a carriage about 10,000 miles a year to visit patients all over England. Darwin found two essential problems or shortcomings of the commonly used light carriage or Hungarian carriage. First, the front wheels were turned by a pivoting front axle, which had been used for years, but these wheels were often quite small and hence the rider, carriage and horse felt the brunt of every bump on the road. Secondly, he recognized the danger of overturning. A pivoting front axle changes a carriage’s base from a rectangle to a triangle because the wheel on the inside of the turn is able to turn more sharply than the outside front wheel. Darwin proposed to fix these insufficiencies by proposing a principle in which the two front wheels turn about a centre that lies on the extended line of the back axle. This idea was later patented as Ackerman Steering. Darwin argued that carriages would then be easier to pull and less likely to overturn. Carriage use in North America came with the establishment of European settlers. Early colonial horse tracks quickly grew into roads especially as the colonists extended their territories southwest. Colonists began using carts as these roads and trading increased between the north and south. Eventually, carriages or coaches were sought to transport goods as well as people. As in Europe, chariots, coaches and/or carriages were a mark of status. The tobacco planters of the South were some of the first Americans to use the carriage as a form of human transportation. As the tobacco farming industry grew in the southern colonies so did the frequency of carriages, coaches and wagons. Upon the turn of the 18th century wheeled vehicle use in the colonies was at an all-time high. Carriages, coaches and wagons were being taxed based on the number of wheels they had. These taxes were implemented in the South primarily as the South had superior numbers of horses and wheeled vehicles when compared to the North. Europe, however, still used carriage transportation far more often and on a much larger scale than anywhere else in the world. Tourists horse-drawn taxis in Naghsh-i Jahan Square, Esfahan.Carriages and coaches began to disappear as use of steam propulsion began to generate more and more interest and research. Steam power quickly won the battle against animal power as is evident by a newspaper article written in England in 1895 entitled "Horseflesh vs. Steam".[17] The article highlights the death of the carriage as the means of transportation. Nowadays, carriages are still used for day-to-day transport in the United States by some minority groups such as the Amish. They are also still used in the tourism as vehicles for sightseeing in cities such as Bruges, Vienna, New Orleans, and Little Rock, Arkansas. The most complete working collection of carriages can be seen at the Royal Mews in London where a large selection of vehicles is in regular use. These are supported by a staff of liveried coachmen, footmen and postillions. The horses earn their keep by supporting the work of the Royal Household, particularly during ceremonial events. Horses pulling a large carriage known as a "covered brake" collect the Yeoman of the Guard in their distinctive red uniforms from St James's Palace for Investitures at Buckingham Palace; High Commissioners or Ambassadors are driven to their audiences with The Queen in landaus; visiting heads of state are transported to and from official arrival ceremonies and members of the Royal Family are driven in Royal Mews coaches during Trooping the Colour, the Order of the Garter service at Windsor Castle and carriage processions at the beginning of each day of Royal Ascot. Construction[edit]Body[edit] George VI and Queen Elizabeth in a landau with footmen and a postillion, riding on the near wheel horse, controlling both teams of horses. Canada 1939Carriages may be enclosed or open, depending on the type.[18] The top cover for the body of a carriage, called the head or hood, is often flexible and designed to be folded back when desired. Such a folding top is called a bellows top or calash. A hoopstick forms a light framing member for this kind of hood. The top, roof or second-story compartment of a closed carriage, especially a diligence, was called an imperial. A closed carriage may have side windows called quarter lights (British) as well as windows in the doors, hence a "glass coach". On the forepart of an open carriage, a screen of wood or leather called a dashboard intercepts water, mud or snow thrown up by the heels of the horses. The dashboard or carriage top sometimes has a projecting sidepiece called a wing (British). A foot iron or footplate may serve as a carriage step. A carriage driver sits on a box or perch, usually elevated and small. When at the front it is known as a dickey box, a term also used for a seat at the back for servants. A footman might use a small platform at the rear called a footboard or a seat called a rumble behind the body. Some carriages have a moveable seat called a jump seat. Some seats had an attached backrest called a lazyback. The shafts of a carriage were called limbers in English dialect. Lancewood, a tough elastic wood of various trees, was often used especially for carriage shafts. A holdback, consisting of an iron catch on the shaft with a looped strap, enables a horse to back or hold back the vehicle. The end of the tongue of a carriage is suspended from the collars of the harness by a bar called the yoke. At the end of a trace, a loop called a cockeye attaches to the carriage. In some carriage types the body is suspended from several leather straps called braces or thoroughbraces, attached to or serving as springs. Undergear[edit]Beneath the carriage body is the undergear or undercarriage (or simply carriage), consisting of the running gear and chassis.[19] The wheels and axles, in distinction from the body, are the running gear. The wheels revolve upon bearings or a spindle at the ends of a bar or beam called an axle or axletree. Most carriages have either one or two axles. On a four-wheeled vehicle, the forward part of the running gear, or forecarriage, is arranged to permit the front axle to turn independently of the fixed rear axle. In some carriages a 'dropped axle', bent twice at a right angle near the ends, allows a low body with large wheels. A guard called a dirtboard keeps dirt from the axle arm. Several structural members form parts of the chassis supporting the carriage body. The fore axletree and the splinter bar above it (supporting the springs) are united by a piece of wood or metal called a futchel, which forms a socket for the pole that extends from the front axle. For strength and support, a rod called the backstay may extend from either end of the rear axle to the reach, the pole or rod joining the hind axle to the forward bolster above the front axle. A skid called a drag, dragshoe, shoe or skidpan retards the motion of the wheels. A London patent of 1841 describes one such apparatus: An iron-shod beam, slightly longer than the radius of the wheel, is hinged under the axle so that when it is released to strike the ground the forward momentum of the vehicle wedges it against the axle. The original feature of this modification was that, instead of the usual practice of having to stop the carriage to retract the beam and so lose useful momentum, the chain holding it in place is released (from the driver's position) so that it is allowed to rotate further in its backwards direction, releasing the axle. A system of "pendant-levers" and straps then allows the beam to return to its first position and be ready for further use.[20] A catch or block called a trigger may be used to hold a wheel on a declivity. A horizontal wheel or segment of a wheel called a fifth wheel sometimes forms an extended support to prevent the carriage from tipping; it consists of two parts rotating on each other about the kingbolt above the fore axle and beneath the body. A block of wood called a headblock might be placed between the fifth wheel and the forward spring. Pony trap or horse trap[edit] An old horse trap at Snowshill ManorA trap, pony trap or horse trap is a light, often sporty, two-wheeled or sometimes four-wheeled horse-drawn carriage, accommodating usually two to four persons in various seating arrangements, such as face-to-face or back-to-back. Tonga/tanga (Indian horse carriage)[edit]Main article: Tanga (carriage)A tanga (Hindi: टाँगा, Urdu: ٹانگہ, Bengali: টাঙ্গা) or Tonga is a light horse-drawn carriage used for transportation in India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Tangas are a popular mode of transportation because they are fun to ride in, and are usually cheaper to hire than a taxi or rickshaw. However, in many cities, tangas are not allowed to use highways because of their slow pace. In Pakistan, tangas are mainly found in the older parts of cities and towns, and are becoming less popular for utilitarian travel and more popular for pleasure. Tangas have become a traditional feature of weddings and other social functions in Pakistan, as well as in other nations. They are usually pulled by two horses, though some require only one. Others are designed for farm work. The room under the seats is sometimes used by the coachman (locally called "coach-waan") to keep his horse's food and sometimes to keep luggage if required. Tangas are used for economic activity, mainly to carry heavy goods within the city limits.[21] Tangas were the most common means of transport in urban India and Pakistan until the early 1980s. Although autorickshaws have overtaken them in popularity, tangas are still common today in many cities and villages. Volante[edit]A volante is a two-wheeled, one- or two-passenger Spanish carriage formerly much used in Cuba. The axle was behind an open, hooded body. The carriage was driven by a rider on the horse. Araba[edit]Main article: Araba (carriage)An araba (from Arabic: عربة, araba or Turkish: araba[22]) (also arba or aroba) is a carriage (such as a cabriolet or coach), wagon or cart drawn by horses or oxen, used in Turkey and neighboring Middle Eastern countries. It is usually heavy and without springs, and often covered. Words related to carriages[edit]The names of many of these have now passed into obscurity but some have been adopted to describe automotive car body styles: coupé, victoria, brougham, landau and landaulet, cabriolet (giving us our cab), phaeton, and limousine – all these once denoted particular types of carriages. Miscellany[edit] Hansom cab and driver adding character to period filming Bride descending from a decorated wedding carriage Cartela (or "Kartela", a Philippine horse carriage, in art (8 Waves Waterpark & Hotel [1]San Rafael, Bulacan).A person whose business was to drive a carriage was a coachman. A servant in livery called a footman or piquer formerly served in attendance upon a rider or was required to run before his master's carriage to clear the way. An attendant on horseback called an outrider often rode ahead of or next to a carriage. A carriage starter directed the flow of vehicles taking on passengers at the curbside. A hackneyman hired out horses and carriages. When hawking wares, a hawker was often assisted by a carriage. Upper-class people of wealth and social position, those wealthy enough to keep carriages, were referred to as carriage folk or carriage trade. Carriage passengers often used a lap robe as a blanket or similar covering for their legs, lap and feet. A buffalo robe, made from the hide of an American bison dressed with the hair on, was sometimes used as a carriage robe; it was commonly trimmed to rectangular shape and lined on the skin side with fabric. A carriage boot, fur-trimmed for winter wear, was made usually of fabric with a fur or felt lining. A knee boot protected the knees from rain or splatter. A horse especially bred for carriage use by appearance and stylish action is called a carriage horse; one for use on a road is a road horse. One such breed is the Cleveland Bay, uniformly bay in color, of good conformation and strong constitution. Horses were broken in using a bodiless carriage frame called a break or brake. A carriage dog or coach dog is bred for running beside a carriage. A roofed structure that extends from the entrance of a building over an adjacent driveway and that shelters callers as they get in or out of their vehicles is known as a carriage porch or porte cochere. An outbuilding for a carriage is a coach house, which was often combined with accommodation for a groom or other servants. A livery stable kept horses and usually carriages for hire. A range of stables, usually with carriage houses (remises) and living quarters built around a yard, court or street, is called a mews. A kind of dynamometer called a peirameter indicates the power necessary to haul a carriage over a road or track. Competitive driving[edit]Main articles: Driving (horse), Combined driving, Draft horse showing, and Roadster (horse)In most European and English-speaking countries, driving is a competitive equestrian sport. Many horse shows host driving competitions for a particular style of driving, breed of horse, or type of vehicle. Show vehicles are usually carriages, carts, or buggies and, occasionally, sulkies or wagons. Modern high-technology carriages are made purely for competition by companies such as Bennington Carriages.[23] in England. Terminology varies: the simple, lightweight two- or four-wheeled show vehicle common in many nations is called a "cart" in the USA, but a "carriage" in Australia. Internationally, there is intense competition in the all-round test of driving: combined driving, also known as horse-driving trials, an equestrian discipline regulated by the Fédération Équestre Internationale (International Equestrian Federation) with national organizations representing each member country. World championships are conducted in alternate years, including single-horse, horse pairs and four-in-hand championships. The World Equestrian Games, held at four-year intervals, also includes a four-in-hand competition. For pony drivers, the World Combined Pony Championships are held every two years and include singles, pairs and four-in-hand events. Types of horse-drawn carriages[edit] In Vienna, rentable landaus called Fiacres carry tourists around the old city.An almost bewildering variety of horse-drawn carriages existed. Arthur Ingram's Horse Drawn Vehicles since 1760 in Colour lists 325 types with a short description of each. By the early 19th century one's choice of carriage was only in part based on practicality and performance; it was also a status statement and subject to changing fashions. The types of carriage included the following: ArabaBandyBaroucheBerlinBrakeBritzkaBroughamBuggyCabrioletCalashCape cartCarioleCarryallChaiseChariotChariotBigaTrigaClarenceCoachCoupéCroydonCurricleDogcartDos-à-dosDrag (carriage)Droshky (Drozhki)EkkaFiacreFlyFour-in-handGharryGigGladstoneGoverness cartHackneyHansomHearseHerdicHorse and buggyJaunting carKarozzin (Maltese horse cariage)[24]KibitkaLandauLimousineMail coachOne-horse carriageOne-horse shayPark DragPhaetonSpider phaetonPost chaiseRandemRathaTemple carRoad CoachRockawaySociableSprung cartStagecoachStanhopeSulkySurreyTarantass (Tarantas)Tanga/Tonga (Indian horse carriage)TelegaTilburyTrapTroikaUn-sprung cartVictoriaVillage cartVis-à-visVoituretteVolanteWagonetteWhimWhiskeyCarriage collections[edit]Australia[edit]Cobb + Co Museum – National Carriage Collection, Queensland Museum, Toowoomba, Queensland.[25]The National Trust of Australia (Victoria) Carriage CollectionAustria[edit]Museum of Carriages and Department of Court Uniforms, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.[26]Belgium[edit]VZW Rijtuigmuseum Bree, Bree, Limburg[27]De Groom Carriage Center Bruges, Brugge, West FlandersKoetsenmuseum VerdoncktBrazil[edit] Permanent exhibit featuring carriages of the imperial era at the National Historical Museum of BrazilNational Historical Museum in Rio de Janeiro, BrazilImperial Museum in Petrópolis, BrazilCanada[edit]The Remington Carriage Museum in Cardston, Alberta, CanadaThe Campbell Carriage Factory Museum in Sackville, New Brunswick, CanadaKings Landing Historical Settlement in Prince William, New Brunswick, Canada, has a large collection of horse and oxen drawn vehicles.Denmark[edit]Royal Carriage Museum, Christiansborg Palace, CopenhagenSlesvigske Vognsamling, HaderslevEgypt[edit]Carriage MuseumFrance[edit]Palace of VersaillesThe Versailles Stables[28]Germany[edit]Marstallmuseum of Carriages and Sleighs in the former Royal Stables, Nymphenburg Palace, Munich[29]Hesse Museum of Carriages and Sleighs in Lohfelden near Kassel[30]Italy[edit]Museo "Le Carrozze d'Epoca", Rome.Museo Civico delle Carrozze d'Epoca di Codroipo.Museo Civico delle Carrozze d'Epoca, San Martino, Udine.Museo della Carrozza di Macerata.Museo delle Carrozze del Quirinale, Rome.Museo delle Carrozze di Palazzo Farnese, Piacenza.Museo delle Carrozze, Catanzaro.Museo delle Carrozze, Naples.Netherlands[edit]Nationaal Rijtuigmuseum, Leek in Groningen.[31]Poland[edit] Łańcut Castle, the exhibit of carriagesŁańcut CastleRogalin PalacePortugal[edit]National Coach Museum (Museu dos Coches), Lisbon[32]Geraz do Lima Carriage museumUnited Kingdom[edit]Mossman Collection, Luton, Bedfordshire[33]Royal Mews at Buckingham Palace, London.[34]Swingletree Carriage Collection. John Parker Swingletree Carriage Driving, Swingletree, Wingfield, Nr. Diss, Norfolk[35]National Trust Carriage Museum, Arlington Court, near Barnstaple, Devon[36]The Tyrwhitt-Drake Museum of Carriages, Maidstone, Kent[37]United States[edit] Crossing the Mississippi on the ice, 19th centuryFlorida Carriage Museum, Weirsdale, Florida. Formerly Austin Carriage Museum.[38]Skyline Farm Carriage Museum, North Yarmouth, Maine[39]The Carriage Collection of the Owls Head Transportation Museum, Owls Head, Maine.[40]The Carriage Museum, Washington, Kentucky[41]Carriage Museum of America, Lexington, Kentucky[42]Henry Ford Museum, Dearborn, Michigan[43]The Long Island Museum of American Art, History & Carriages, Stony Brook, New YorkPioneer Village, Farmington, Utah.[44]Thrasher Carriage Museum, Frostburg, Maryland[45]The Wesley W. Jung Carriage Museum, Greenbush, Wisconsin[46]Shelburne Museum, Shelburne, VermontForney Museum of Transportation, Denver, Colorado[47]Mifflinburg Buggy Museum, Mifflinburg, PA. Only museum in US that preserves an original intact 19th century carriage factory.[48]Frick Art & Historical Center Car & Carriage Museum, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, preserving carriages owned by Henry Clay Frick and his family.[49]See also[edit]Horse-drawn vehicleHorse harnessDriving (horse)Howdah (carriage positioned on the back of an elephant or camel)WagonHorseless carriage (term for early automobiles) In the time before automobiles became popular, many people traveled by horse and buggy in the summer and by sleigh in the winter. Instead of having just one type of transportation in the winter months, people often had a couple of types for different purposes. The most commonly used types were the sleigh and the cutter. SizeOne of the biggest differences between a cutter and a sleigh is the size. Cutters were created for leisurely driving among one or two couples. They were meant to be snug and comfortable. Sleighs, though, were built to accommodate a larger group. They offer a larger capacity so entire families or groups of people can travel together. RunnersThe runners are an important element of any form of horse-drawn, winter transportation. The way in which the runners were formed for the cutter and the sleigh were different, reflecting their individual purposes. Because the cutter was used for longer, slower rides, the runners are straighter, which means the cutter is meant to keep going straight. While it can be turned, turns must be taken slowly and wider than normal. The sleigh's runners are placed closer together, which allows for easier turns, though they should still be taken wide and slow. PurposeWhile the primary use of both a cutter and a sleigh is transportation in the snowy winter months, they each have their own individual purpose. Because cutters offered a cozier ride with all occupants sitting close together, cutters were often used for courting. In modern times, they offer romantic rides for couples in the winter. The sleigh, though, is large enough to accommodate an entire family or a large group of friends. Sleighs were most often used to transport the family to church or another family member's home. Some companies still use sleighs during the winter months to offer rides to visitors. ConstructionThe construction of cutters and sleighs also differ because of the structures of each type. The cutter, for instance, is built lower to the ground and requires more flexibility to ensure the jarring of the road does not break the structure. The builder often uses a glue to secure the boards together. The construction of the sleigh, however, is sturdier and more rigid. Because the sleigh sits much higher than a cutter, the runners absorb more of the shock and protect the sleigh's structure. Nearby towns in Monroe County : City[edit]Rochester (county seat)Towns[edit]BrightonChiliClarksonEast RochesterGatesGreeceHamlinHenriettaIrondequoitMendonOgdenParmaPenfieldPerintonPittsfordRigaRushSwedenWebsterWheatlandVillages[edit]Villages in New York State are incorporated municipalities located within Towns. The town in which each village is located is noted in parenthesis. Brockport (Sweden)Churchville (Riga)East Rochester (Coterminous village and town)Fairport (Perinton)Hilton (Parma)Honeoye Falls (Mendon)Pittsford (Pittsford)Scottsville (Wheatland)Spencerport (Ogden)Webster (Webster)Census-designated places[edit]BrightonClarksonGatesGreeceHamlinIrondequoitNorth GatesHamlets[edit]In New York State the term "Hamlet", although not defined in law, is used to describe an unincorporated community and geographic location within a town. The town in which each Hamlet is located is in parenthesis. Genesee Junction (Chili)Egypt (Perinton)Adams Basin (Ogden)Bushnell's Basin (Perinton)Gates Center (Gates)Garbutt (Scottsville)Mumford (Wheatland)Union Hill (Webster)Mendon Center (Mendon)Seabreeze (Irondequoit)Summerville (Irondequoit)Parma Center (Parma)Riga Center (Riga) (Sweden Center (Sweden)West Webster (Webster)North Chili (Chili)Clarkson Corners (Clarkson)Gates Center (Gates)North Gates (Gates)Clifton (Chili)Industry (Rush)Belcoda (Wheatland)Coldwater (Gates)Barnard (Greece)Beattie Beach (Greece)Braddock Bay (Greece)Braddock Heights (Greece)Elmgrove (Greece)Grandview Heights (Greece)Grand View Beach (Greece)North Greece (Greece)Ridgemont (Greece)West Greece (Greece)

Price: 48 USD

Location: Rochester, New York

End Time: 2024-12-20T16:04:59.000Z

Shipping Cost: 3.95 USD